Purpose: Children deprived of theír liberty represent a vulnerable population with complex and often unmet healthcare needs. Despite international legal frameworks designed to protect the rights of incarcerated juveniles, significant disparities persist in the quality and accessibility of healthcare services within custodial settings. This article aims to highlight the importance of healthcare standards for incarcerated children, analyze current practices across European detention systems, and examine the role of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT) in monitoring conditions and informing policy. Methods: This review draws on data from publicly accessible sources, primarily the World Prison Brief (WPB), as well as international guidelines includíng the United Nations' Mandela, Beijing, Havana, and Bangkok Rules. It also analyzes findings from the CPT's 24th Annual Report (2015), which focused specífically on children in detention. A narrative synthesis approach was employed to integrate epidemiological data, legal standards, and clinical implications with a particular emphasis on trauma-informed care. Results: According to the most recent data, approximately 9,800 children are íncarcerated across Europe, accounting for an average of 0.6% of the prison population. While this percentage is relatively low, detained children often have multiple health vulnerabilities, such as substance use disorders, untreated mental illnesses, exposure to violence, and poor nutritional status. Female juveniles, children with learning disabilities, and transgender youth require particular attention. The CPT's reports reveal systemic shortcomings in healthcare provision but also offer evidence-based recommendations for standardizing care. Traumainformed care is a critical yet underutilized framework for addressing immediate and long-term health outcomes. Conclusions: Providing equitable, developmentally appropriate, and trauma-informed healthcare to children in detention is both a legal and an ethical imperative. Human rights monitoring mechanisms, such as those conducted by the CPT, are essential in bridging the gap between normative standards and actual practice. Investing in prison healthcare for children is essential for protecting individual well-being and fostering public health, social equity, and rehabilitation.  Kulcsszavak: Juvenile detention, Prison health, Trauma-informed care, Human rights monitoring, Children deprived of líberty, European Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT)