Purpose: This paper provides a detailed presentation of the estimated number of people in Hungary with eye disease and refractive errors by both sex and age. Materials/methods: In the past 12 years, 168,522 people (54.1% women and 45.9% men) have been screened under Hungary?s Comprehensive Health Protection Screening Programme (MÁESZ). Results: The total number of people with eye disease in the adult Hungarian population (about 8 million people) is estimated to be 1,684,818, with women (1,078,026) outnumbering men (606,792). Eye diseases were found to be more common in older age groups, and more common in women than men in each age group. The estimated number of people with refractive errors in the Hungarian adult population is 5,005,095. The overall number of people with myopia in the adult Hungarian population is estimated to be 3,058,536, with roughly equal numbers of men and women. The majority of people with myopia (63.3%) are between 18 and 45 years of age. Conclusions: The huge number of people in the Hungarian population affected by eye disease or refractive errors underscores the need to develop and implement an effective national strategy and specific programmes to prevent visual impairments.  Kulcsszavak: eye disease, refractive errors, myopia, screening, national health programmes