The present systematic review was compiled to analyze the effectiveness of High-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols on the body composition of rodents with obesity. Databases were searched until February 2021 for experimental trials in rodents with a minimum duration of four weeks of HIIT and endpoints associated with obesity. The data were analyzed by meta-analysis performed for comparisons of body composition. Sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the consistency of individual researches. Of all of the 524 studies found, only 14 were included. The analysis showed a significant reduction in body weight ([CI 95%: .8.35; .1.98] P . 0.01), adiposity index ([IC 95%: .1.04; .0.80] P . 0.01), and fat pads ([IC 95%: .0.59; .0.06] P . 0.01). HIIT performed on treadmill or water was effective to reduce body weight (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HIIT attenuated both body weight and adiposity induced either by HFD (high-fat diet) or by GOM (genetic obese model), thereby inducing positive changes in body composition.  Kulcsszavak: exercise, obesity, adipose tissue, rodents