Background: Little is known on the abundance of the pathogens Bacillus anthracis and Burkholderia pseudomallei in environmental samples in Cameroon. Therefore, 100 respective samples were assessed in a proof-of-principle assessment. Methods: DNA residuals from nucleic acid extractions of 100 environmental samples, which were collected between 2011 and 2013 in the Mape Basin of Cameroon, were screened for B. anthracis and B. pseudomallei by real-time PCR. The samples comprised soil samples with water contact (n 5 88), soil samples without water contact (n 5 6), plant material with water contact (n 5 3), water (n 5 2), and soil from a hospital dressing room (n 5 1). Results: B. anthracis and B. pseudomallei were detected in none of the samples assessed. Conclusion: The results indicate that at least a quantitatively overwhelming, ubiquitous occurrence of B. anthracis and B. pseudomallei in the environment in Cameroon is highly unlikely. However, the number and choice of the assessed samples limit the interpretability of the results.  Kulcsszavak: Bacillus anthracis, Burkholderia pseudomallei, soil, environmental, PCR, Cameroon